{"id":19345,"date":"2019-08-19T18:27:16","date_gmt":"2019-08-19T16:27:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.exploring-umbria.com\/?page_id=19345"},"modified":"2019-09-02T19:40:01","modified_gmt":"2019-09-02T17:40:01","slug":"duomo-di-orvieto","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.exploring-umbria.com\/en\/discover-orvieto\/discover-orvieto\/duomo-di-orvieto\/","title":{"rendered":"Duomo di Orvieto"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Orvieto\u2019s Duomo <\/strong>is an undisputed masterpiece of late medieval-Gothic architecture. The variety of decorative elements \u2013 all perfectly integrated into each other despite being the work of many different artists \u2013 and the majesty of the structural forms makes this building unique in Italian architecture. As a symbol of the city, its bulk towers over and dominates the entire plateau on which it stands. Some of the most eminent master builders of the Italian Middle Ages contributed to its construction over a period of more than three centuries, from the 13<sup>th<\/sup> to the 17<sup>th<\/sup> century.<\/p>\n<p>The first stone is said to have been placed in 1290 in a joint decision between the Church, in the person of Pope Urban IV, and the Commune. In fact, two needs had to be met: on the one hand the substitution of two small, dilapidated churches of S. Maria (episcopal) and of S. Costanzo (Parochial) in the town square, of the on the other, that of giving a worthy resting place to the holy relic of the famous \u2018Miracle of the Blood\u2019 of Bolsena. According to tradition, during a Mass, in the church of S. Cristina in 1263, the consecrated host began to bleed in the hands of a priest who did not fully believe in the dogma of transubstantiation. The drops of blood trickled down and stained the altar cloth, the sacred Corporal, which is still preserved in the chapel of the same name and carried in procession for the feast of <em>Corpus Domini<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>The first building project included a Romanesque basilica, but it was modified to a purely Gothic structure when <em>Giovanni di Uguccione<\/em> replaced <em>Fra Bevignate<\/em> in directing the works. The sculptor and architect <em>Lorenzo Maitani<\/em> was entrusted with the continuation of the work in 1309, which he accomplished spectacularly, creating a rectangular apse, a four-lancet window behind the altar, the beautiful relief decorations of the four pillars at the bottom of the facade, and four beautiful bronze sculptures symbolizing the evangelists. On his death, the Duomo was entrusted to the fine skills of <em>Andrea Pisano<\/em>, who was already working at the Duomo in Florence and, from 1359, to the mastery of <em>Andrea di Cione<\/em>, known as <em>Orcagna<\/em>, who created the marvellous mosaic \u00a0decorations and the rose window on the facade.<\/p>\n<p>Over subsequent years, direction of the works passed to illustrious figures such as <em>Michele Sanmicheli<\/em> and <em>Antonio da Sangallo the Younger<\/em>, up to the final interventions carried out in 1970, when the original wooden doors were replaced by majestic bronze portals, with scenes dedicated to \u2018Works of Mercy\u2019, created by the Sicilian sculptor <em>Emilio Greco<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>The facade of the Duomo overlooks the square and captivates observers with the richness of its decorative elements and the grandeur of its architecture as it rises majestically upwards: the brilliance of the golden mosaics, which illustrate scenes from the life of the Our Lady of the Assumption to whom the Cathedral is dedicated, provides a background to the magnificent central rose window, composed of a double row of columns with crossed arches, framed on all four sides by the mosaics of the Christian Fathers: Sant\u2019Agostino, San Gregorio Magno, San Girolamo and Sant\u2019Ambrogio and by the sculptures of the Apostles and the Prophets.<\/p>\n<p>The much more sober side walls are instead characterized by the alternation of basalt and travertine rows which give the building the characteristic alternating white-dark green colour. Inside, the Duomo has a Latin cross plan, divided into three spacious and elegant aisles, with trussed roofing and the same decoration with alternate travertine and basalt bands as on the outside. Among the works of art worthy of mention are the <em>Piet\u00e0<\/em> (or Deposition) and the pipe organ by <em>Ippolito Scalza.<\/em> A number of masterpieces are also preserved in the two side chapels of the transept: the <strong>Capella del Corporale<\/strong> houses the sacred relic of the <em>\u201cMiracle of Bolsena\u201d<\/em> in a very precious reliquary, made between 1337-38 by the Sienese goldsmith <em>Ugolino di Vieri<\/em>; the <strong>Capella della Madonna di San Brizio<\/strong> is decorated with frescoes by illustrious painters of the calibre of <em>Fra Angelico, Benozzo Gozzoli <\/em>and<em> Perugino<\/em>, and the indescribable masterpiece of the <em>Giudizio Universale<\/em> (Last Judgment), created between 1500-1503 by <em>Luca Signorelli<\/em>, imitating Michelangelo\u2019s frescoes in the Sistine Chapel.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Orvieto\u2019s Duomo is an undisputed masterpiece of late medieval-Gothic architecture. The variety of decorative elements \u2013 all perfectly integrated into each other despite being the work of many different artists \u2013 and the majesty of the structural forms makes this building unique in Italian architecture. As a symbol of the city, its bulk towers over [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":1982,"parent":19307,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v18.4.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Duomo di Orvieto - Exploring Umbria<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Orvieto\u2019s Duomo is an undisputed masterpiece of late medieval-Gothic architecture. 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